Recent progress in the utilization of industrial waste and by-products of citrus fruits: A review

Citrus fruits are major processed fruits in the world that results in generation of large quantities of by-products, which are rich sources of soluble sugars, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and essential oils. However, very large amount of residues is end up at agriculture field or dumping pit as waste. The present review highlights the technologies and processes for utilization of the citrus by-products viz., feed for extraction of essential oils, charcoal and bio-oil production, hydrogen syngas etc. Citrus pulp a very effective agent for removal of metals and chemicals in and effluent generated by industries by adsorption technique. Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell developed by synthesis of activated carbon from citrus pulp is considered to be next generation potential power. In order to make rational use of this valuable resource and protect the environment, the present study aims at comprehensive utilization of this value added by-products. Practical ApplicationsIn the present scenario of fast developing world, the generation of waste is increasing day by day in large quantities which influences the heath of ecosystem and ultimately the human health. Adaptation of advanced technologies and processes is not only a technique of waste management but also generate an alternative to environment polluting substances through development of craft paper, biodiesel, activated carbon along with development of value added food products such as extruded, pectin extraction, essential oils, etc. Increased scope of product development increases the overall returns to manufacturer, employment generation and sustainable socio-economic development and maintains environmental stability.