Journal
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
Volume 36, Issue 36, Pages 3553-+Publisher
AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2018.79.2259
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Cancer Institute (NCI) Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center Kidney Cancer Specialized Programs of Research Excellence [P50 CA101942]
- NIH/NCI Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center [P30 CA008748]
- Society of Memorial Sloan Kettering
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Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is not a single entity but includes various tumor subtypes that have been identified on the basis of either characteristic pathologic features or distinctive molecular changes. Clear cell RCC is the most common type of RCC and is characterized by dysregulation of the von Hippel Lindau/hypoxia-inducible factor pathway. Non-clear cell RCC represents a more heterogeneous group of tumors with diverse histopathologic and molecular features. In the past two decades, the improved understanding of the molecular landscape of RCC has led to the development of more effective therapies for metastatic RCC, which include both targeted agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Because only subsets of patients with metastatic RCC respond to a given treatment, predictive biomarkers are needed to guide treatment selection and sequence. In this review, we describe the key histologic features and molecular alterations of RCC subtypes and discuss emerging tissue-based biomarkers of response to currently available therapies for metastatic disease.
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