Journal
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
Volume 217, Issue -, Pages 162-171Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.197
Keywords
Reductive sulfur-fixing smelting; Efficient lead extraction; Reaction mechanism; SO2 emission; Industrial application evaluation
Categories
Funding
- Specialized Research Project of Guangdong Provincial Applied Science and Technology, China [2016B020242001]
- Hunan Provincial Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars, China [2018JJ1044]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China, China [51234009, 51604105]
- CMEco by Business Finland, Finland [2116781]
- National Natural Science Foundation for Less Developed Regions of China, China [51664013]
- Program for Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of the Inner Mongolia, China [NJYT-17-B35]
- Bayannur Science and Technology Project from Bayannur Bureau of Science and Technology [K201509]
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This study proposes an innovative and environment-friendly method for recyclingspent lead-acid batteries without SO2 generation. Iron-containing waste was employed as a sulfur-fixing agent to retain sulfur as ferrous matte, which eliminated the generation and emissions of gaseous SO2. This work investigated the thermodynamic and experimental feasibility and conversion mechanism of the method, and evaluated its industrial applicability. A bench-scale test showed direct recoveries of 93.5% and 97.7% in crude lead and ferrous matte for lead and sulfur, respectively. The phase transformation mechanism study indicated that metallic lead from the lead paste was extracted mainly through the sequence of PbSO4 c/co(->) PbS Fe(3)o(4 ->) PbO c/co(->) Pb. Sulfur in PbSO4 was thus first transferred to PbS and finally fixed as FeS. An industrial-scale pilot campaign was also conducted to confirm the feasibility and reliability of the new process. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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