Feeding the combination of essential oils and exogenous α-amylase increases performance and carcass production of finishing beef cattle

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance responses of finishing feedlot cattle to dietary addition of essential oils and exogenous enzymes. The treatments in each experiment consisted of (DM basis): MON-sodium monensin (26 mg/kg); BEO-a blend of essential oils (90 mg/kg); BEO+MON-a blend of essential oils plus monensin (90 mg/kg + 26 mg/kg, respectively); BEO+AM-a blend of essential oils plus exogenous alpha-amylase (90 mg/kg + 560 mg/kg, respectively); and BEO+AM+PRO-a blend of essential oils plus exogenous alpha-amylase and exogenous protease (90 mg/kg + 560 mg/kg + 840 mg/kg, respectively). Exp. 1 consisted of a 93-d finishing period using 300 Nellore bulls in a randomized complete block design. Animals fed BEO had higher DMI (P < 0.001) but similar feed efficiency to animals fed MON (P >= 0.98). Compared with MON, the combination of BEO+AM resulted in 810 g greater DMI (P = 0.001), 190 g greater average daily gain (P = 0.04), 18 kg heavier final body weight (P = 0.04), and 12 kg heavier hot carcass weight (P = 0.02), although feed efficiency was not significantly different between BEO+AM and MON (P = 0.89). Combining BEO+MON tended to decrease hot carcass weight compared with BEO alone (P = 0.08) but not compared with MON (P = 0.98). Treatments did not impact observed dietary net energy values (P >= 0.74) or the observed: expected net energy ratio (P >= 0.11). In Exp. 2, five ruminally cannulated Nellore steers were used to evaluate intake, apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients, and ruminal parameters in a 5 x 5 Latin square design. Feeding BEO increased the total tract digestibility of CP compared to MON (P = 0.03). Compared to MON, feeding the combination of BEO+MON increased the intake of CP (P = 0.04) and NDF (P = 0.05), with no effects on total tract digestibility of nutrients (P >= 0.56), except for a tendency (P = 0.09) to increase CP digestibility. Intakes of all nutrients measured, except for ether extract (P = 0.16) were greater in animals fed BEO+AM when compared with MON (P <= 0.03), with no differences on total tract nutrient digestibilities (P >= 0.11) between these two treatments. In summary, diets containing the BEO used herein enhanced DMI of growing-finishing feedlot cattle compared with a basal diet containing MON without impair feed efficiency. A synergism between BEO and AM was detected, further increasing cattle performance and carcass production compared to MON.