Journal
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 66, Issue 44, Pages 11775-11783Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03746
Keywords
estrogenic activity; bisphenol A; bisguaiacol F; BGILuc; MCF-7; in vitro assays; VM7Luc4E2
Funding
- National Science Foundation [DMR-1506623]
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Alternatives to bisphenol A (BPA), such as lignin-inspired bisguaiacol F (BGF), are of interest for food contact materials due to increasing evidence of estrogenic activity (EA) and exposure-correlated harmful effects of BPA and its analogues. BGF has similar thermal and mechanical properties to BPA, but contains additional methoxy substituents that may significantly reduce its endocrine disruption potential. In this study, the EA of four BGF samples with different regioisomer ratios was quantified relative to 17 beta-estradiol at ten concentrations by using two in vitro assays: MCF-7 cell proliferation and VM7Luc4E2 transactivation (TA). The results suggest BGF mixtures with higher molar ratios of p,p'-BGF and o,p'-BGF regioisomers exhibited lower EA than BPA, while BGF samples containing higher molar ratios of m,p'-BGF had no detectable EA over a wide range of test concentrations. These findings suggest the potential of BGF as a viable alternative to BPA for use in more environmentally friendly materials.
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