3D Bioprinting of Hybrid Materials for Regenerative Medicine: Implementation in Innovative Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)

Three-dimensional printing has significant potential as a fabrication method for synthetic scaffolds for regenerative medicine. The advantages of fabricating scaffolds using 3D printing are numerous, including the ability to create complex geometries and porosities that mimic the anatomical structures of organs and tissues. Three-dimensional printing can be used to create orbital implants, which replace the bony cavity surrounding the eye after eye removal. In the present article, an original 3D printing method is developed for the production of three-dimensional structures based on hydroxyapatite and polyurethane diol, which can be further used for the fabrication of orbital implants with interconnected porosity. For this purpose, hybrid nanostructured powders were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and further used as raw materials for 3D printing of porous structures. Innovative porous 3D structures were tested in vitro and in vivo. The test results showed the vascularization capacity of the 3D implant and remodeling of the tissue.