Motor Unit Identification From High-Density Surface Electromyograms in Repeated Dynamic Muscle Contractions

We describe the method for identification of motor unit (MU) firings from high-density surface electromyograms (hdEMG), recorded during repeated dynamic muscle contractions. A new convolutive data model for dynamic hdEMG is presented, along with the pulse-to noise ratio (PNR) metric for assessment of MU identification accuracy and analysis of the impact of MU action potential (MUAP) changes in dynamic muscle contractions on MU identification. We tested the presented methodology on signals from biceps brachii, vastus lateralis, and rectus famoris muscles, all during different speeds of dynamic contractions. In synthetic signals with excitation levels of 10%, 30% and 50%, and MUAPs experimentally recorded from biceps brachii muscle, the presented method identified 15 +/- 1, 18 +/- 1, and 20 +/- 1 MUs per contraction, respectively, all with average sensitivity and precision >90% and PNR >30 dB. In experimental signals acquired during low force contractions of vastus lateralis and rectus femoris muscle, the method identified 9.4 +/- 1.9 and 7.8 +/- 1.4 MUs with PNR values of 35.4 +/- 3.6 and 34.1 +/- 2.7 dB. In comparison with the previously introduced Convolution Kernel Compensation method, the capability of the new method to follow dynamic MUAP changes is confirmed, also in relatively fast muscle contractions.