Journal
HEADACHE
Volume 59, Issue 3, Pages 371-382Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/head.13451
Keywords
concussion; post-concussion syndrome; mild traumatic brain injury; amitriptyline; nortriptyline; post traumatic headache
Categories
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Objective To examine the association of commonly prescribed post-concussive medications, namely gabapentin and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), with symptom reduction after concussion. Background Concussion is a common diagnosis in modern medicine. Many providers use medication to target the residual symptoms of a concussion, with little evidence supporting their efficacy. Design Retrospective study with longitudinal analysis using mixed-effects and piecewise regression analyses of 277 patients presenting to an academic sports medicine clinic, all of whom were clinically diagnosed with a concussion. Main outcomes were patient-reported headache score (quantitative variable; 0-6) and combined symptom score (quantitative variable; 0-132) from the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS). Methods Patients self-reported their symptom scores on the PCSS at the time of each clinic visit. Gabapentin or TCAs were prescribed to some patients during their follow-ups for headache treatment, based on physician judgment. Patients were classified into 3 groups: (1) no medication; (2) gabapentin; or (3) TCAs. Follow-up data were evaluated over 1 year. A mixed-effects and piecewise regression analysis were performed to assess long- and short-term effects of medication status. Results The mixed-effects analysis showed a significant decrease in both headache and symptom scores over time in each medication group and in those not receiving medication (P <= .014 for all scenarios, B = -0.005 and -0.08, respectively). Although patients in the 2 medication groups showed significantly higher headache and symptom scores (P < .001), neither medication had a significant effect on longitudinal improvements in the outcome scores. The piecewise regression, however, showed short-term improvements with gabapentin (1.3 points, P = .004) and more sustained improvements with TCAs (3.5 points, P = .006). Conclusions Patients recover from a concussion with time, regardless of medication. Gabapentin and TCAs appear to have immediate effects on improving symptom burden, but long-term outcomes show similar improvement compared to those who are not prescribed medication. More rigorous prospective studies are required to better elucidate their efficacy.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available