Journal
HEAD AND NECK-JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES AND SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK
Volume 41, Issue 1, Pages 46-55Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/hed.25357
Keywords
cell death mechanisms; head and neck cancer; photon radiotherapy; proton radiotherapy; radiation-induced cell death
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Funding
- Cancer Center Support (Core) Grant from the National Cancer Institute [CA016672]
- University Cancer Foundation via the Sister Institution Network Fund
- Institutional Research Grant program
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
- [2U19CA021239]
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Background Photon (X-ray) radiotherapy (XRT) kills cells via DNA damage, however, how proton radiotherapy (PRT) causes cell death in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is unclear. We investigated mechanisms of HNSCC cell death after XRT versus PRT. Methods We assessed type of death in 2 human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and two HPV-negative cell lines: necrosis and apoptosis (Annexin-V fluorescein isothiocyanate [FITC]); senescence (beta-galactosidase); and mitotic catastrophe (gamma-tubulin and diamidino-phenylindole [DAPI]). Results The XRT-induced or PRT-induced cellular senescence and mitotic catastrophe in all cell lines studied suggested that PRT caused cell death to a greater extent than XRT. After PRT, mitotic catastrophe peaked in HPV-negative and HPV-positive cells at 48 and 72 hours, respectively. No obvious differences were noted in the extent of cell necrosis or apoptosis after XRT versus PRT. Conclusion Under the conditions and in the cell lines reported here, mitotic catastrophe and senescence were the major types of cell death induced by XRT and PRT, and PRT may be more effective.
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