Journal
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
Volume 25, Issue 2, Pages 629-639Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14467
Keywords
iodine metabolism; kelp; ocean acidification; Saccharina japonica; thyroid hormone; vanadium-dependent haloperoxidase
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41676145]
- Shandong key Research and Development Plan [2018GHY115010]
- Qingdao Municipal Science and Technology plan project [17-1-1-96-jch]
- Special Scientific Research Funds for Central Non-Profit Institutes, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences [20603022016010]
- China Agriculture Research System [CARS-50]
- Taishan Scholars Funding
- AoShan Talents Program [2015ASTPES03]
- Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Shandong Province [JQ201509]
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Kelp are main iodine accumulators in the ocean, and their growth and photosynthesis are likely to benefit from elevated seawater CO2 levels due to ocean acidification. However, there are currently no data on the effects of ocean acidification on iodine metabolism in kelp. As key primary producers in coastal ecosystems worldwide, any change in their iodine metabolism caused by climate change will potentially have important consequences for global geochemical cycles of iodine, including iodine levels of coastal food webs that underpin the nutrition of billions of humans around the world. Here, we found that elevated pCO(2) enhanced growth and increased iodine accumulation not only in the model kelp Saccharina japonica using both short-term laboratory experiment and long-term in situ mesocosms, but also in several other edible and ecologically significant seaweeds using long-term in situ mesocosms. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of S. japonica revealed that most vanadium-dependent haloperoxidase genes involved in iodine efflux during oxidative stress are down-regulated under increasing pCO(2), suggesting that ocean acidification alleviates oxidative stress in kelp, which might contribute to their enhanced growth. When consumed by abalone (Haliotis discus), elevated iodine concentrations in S. japonica caused increased iodine accumulation in abalone, accompanied by reduced synthesis of thyroid hormones. Thus, our results suggest that kelp will benefit from ocean acidification by a reduction in environmental stress however; iodine levels, in kelp-based coastal food webs will increase, with potential impacts on biogeochemical cycles of iodine in coastal ecosystems.
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