Chlorine and bromine isotope evolution within a fully developed Upper Permian natural salt sequence

The behaviour of chlorine and bromine isotopes in evaporite deposits differs significantly. We studied the isotope variations of both elements in a fully developed natural salt sequence from Zechstein evaporite deposits (Wuchiapingian, Upper Permian) in the Northern Netherlands. We observed that the Cl isotope variations follow previously predicted characteristics, showing slightly positive delta Cl-37 (relative to seawater) in halite (NaCl) dominated layers (up to +0.05 parts per thousand), decreasing to moderately negative values in carnallite (KMgCl3 center dot 6H(2)O) and bischofite (MgCl2 center dot 6H(2)O) dominated layers (down to -0.55 parts per thousand). Bromine isotope variations, the first ever measured in marine evaporite samples, show a different characteristic. delta Br-81 values decrease quickly in layers dominated by halite (from +0.2 to -0.5 parts per thousand) and increase again in layers dominated by carnallite and bischofite (up to -0.1 +/- 0.2 parts per thousand). These observations suggest that the Br isotope fractionation (10(3)ln alpha) during precipitation of halite can be as high as +1.3, 3.8 times as large as Cl isotope fractionation. The increasing delta(81) Br values during precipitation of magnesium salts may suggest a negative fractionation (10(3)ln alpha) of -0.9, meaning that the Br isotope ratio in the precipitated salt is lower than in the brine. We suggest that the difference in behaviour between Cl and Br can be explained by the fact that Br, as a minor component in the brine, has to compete with Cl to fit into the crystal lattice of Cl salts, where it does not fit perfectly due to its slightly larger ionic radius than Cl, resulting in relatively large isotope fractionation. Further research is however needed to confirm or reject this suggestion. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.