4.5 Article

Magmatic Response to Subduction Initiation: Part 1. Fore-arc Basalts of the Izu-Bonin Arc From IODP Expedition 352

Journal

GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
Volume 20, Issue 1, Pages 314-338

Publisher

AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1029/2018GC007731

Keywords

Forearc basalts; subduction initiation; ophiolites; Izu-Bonin forearc; Joides Resolution

Funding

  1. IODP, the JOIDES Resolution Facility
  2. Consortium for Ocean Leadership
  3. National Science Foundation [OCE-1558689, OCE-1558647, OCE-1558855, OCE-1558608]
  4. NERC [NE/M010643/1]
  5. Australia-New Zealand IODP consortium
  6. ARC LIEF scheme [LE140100047]
  7. German Science Foundation (DFG) [AL1189/8-1]
  8. NERC (UK) [NE/M012034/1]
  9. Austrian Academy of Sciences
  10. Austrian Science Fund (FWF Project) [P27982-N29]
  11. German IODP consortium
  12. BGR Germany
  13. NERC [NE/M012034/1, NE/M010643/1] Funding Source: UKRI
  14. Australian Research Council [LE140100047] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
  15. Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P27982] Funding Source: Austrian Science Fund (FWF)

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The Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) fore arc preserves igneous rock assemblages that formed during subduction initiation circa 52 Ma. International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 352 cored four sites in the fore arc near the Ogasawara Plateau in order to document the magmatic response to subduction initiation and the physical, petrologic, and chemical stratigraphy of a nascent subduction zone. Two of these sites (U1440 and U1441) are underlain by fore-arc basalt (FAB). FABs have mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)-like compositions, however, FAB are consistently lower in the high-field strength elements (TiO2, P2O5, Zr) and Ni compared to MORB, with Na2O at the low end of the MORB field and FeO* at the high end. Almost all FABs are light rare earth element depleted, with low total REE, and have low ratios of highly incompatible to less incompatible elements (Ti/V, Zr/Y, Ce/Yb, and Zr/Sm) relative to MORB. Chemostratigraphic trends in Hole U1440B are consistent with the uppermost lavas forming off axis, whereas the lower lavas formed beneath a spreading center axis. Axial magma of U1440B becomes more fractionated upsection; overlying off-axis magmas return to more primitive compositions. Melt models require a two-stage process, with early garnet field melts extracted prior to later spinel field melts, with up to 23% melting to form the most depleted compositions. Mantle equilibration temperatures are higher than normal MORB (1,400 degrees C-1,480 degrees C) at relatively low pressures (1-2 GPa), which may reflect an influence of the Manus plume during subduction initiation. Our data support previous models of FAB origin by decompression melting but imply a source more depleted than normal MORB source mantle.

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