Matrix-wise evaluation of in vivo and in vitro efficiencies of L. rhamnosus GG-fortified beverages

The interactions between phenolic compounds and gut microbiota, have gained much attention due to their beneficial effect on humans. The study was also conceived keeping in view the growing popularity of probiotics and emerging interest in designing plant based matrices for probiotic delivery. The synergistic relationship between probiotic, Lactobacillus rhatnnosus GG (LR) (ATCC 53103) and phenolic compounds of fruit matrices, sea buckthorn (SET) and apple juice (APJ) was evaluated on TNBS induced enterocolitis in a zebrafish model (Danio rerio). Addition of LR to SBT matrix conferred higher protection against inflammation than LR in APJ matrix. This could be due to higher content of phenolic compounds in SBT. Isorhamnetin was identified as the predominant phenolic in SBT. The juice matrices were also evaluated for their flow and viscoelastic properties. The consistency index (K) and flow behaviour index (eta) were derived from evaluating the shear strength. All the tested juice matrices demonstrated shear-thinning properties. Effect of the matrices on other functionalities of LR during storage period of 14 days was also evaluated. No significant changes were observed on cell surface hydrophobicity depicting protective action of the matrix components on the probiotic strain. Gastrointestinal tolerance increased on Day 7 and 14. Principal Component Analysis of the anti-microbial potential of the probiotic beverage formulations against pathogenic and food spoilage strains showed higher antagonistic ability of LR in SBT during the 14 days storage. The key findings suggest probiotic strain may behave differently in different food matrices. The sustainable functionality of the probiotic strain can be achieved even during the shelf period by optimum design of the delivery matrix.