Journal
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
Volume 29, Issue 8, Pages 4294-4302Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5814-3
Keywords
Cancer; Immunotherapy; Molecular imaging; Immune checkpoint target
Funding
- Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2017YFA0205200, 2106YFC0103702, 2016YFA0201401, 2015CB755500, 2014CB748600]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81527805, 81470083]
- Bei jing Municipal Science and Technology Commission [Z161100002616022]
- Science Research Fund of National Health and Family Planning Commission-Major Project of Medical and Health Science and Technology in Zhejiang Province [WKJ-ZJ-1807]
- Key R&D project of Zhejiang Province [2017C03042]
- Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project of Zhejiang Province [2017C35003]
- Key Scientific and Technological Special Project of Ningbo City [2015C50004]
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ObjectivesThis review describes the current status and progress of immune checkpoint targets for imaging of malignancies. Immune checkpoint blockade holds great potential for cancer treatment, and clinical implementation into routine is very rapidly progressing. Therefore, it is an urgent need to become familiar with the vocabulary of immunotherapy and with the evaluation of immune checkpoint and related treatments through noninvasive molecular imaging. Currently, immune target-associated imaging mainly includes PET, SPECT, optical imaging, and MRI. Each imaging method has its own inherent strengths and weaknesses in reflecting tumor morphology and physiology. PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and LAG-3 are the most commonly considered targets. In this review, the current status and progress of molecular imaging of immune checkpoint targets are discussed.ConclusionMolecular imaging is likely to become a major tool for monitoring immunotherapy. It can help in selecting patients who are suitable for immunotherapy, and also monitor the tumor response.Key Points center dot Immune checkpoint blockade holds great promise for the treatment of different malignant tumors.center dot Molecular imaging can identify the expression of immune checkpoint targets in the tumor microenvironment at the molecular and cellular levels, and therefore helps selecting potential responders, suitable for specific immunotherapy.center dot Molecular imaging can also monitor immunotherapeutic effects, and therefore participates in the evaluation of tumor response to treatment.
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