Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Volume 52, Issue 23, Pages 13887-13896Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04436
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Funding
- Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program of the U.S. Department of Defense [ER-2308, ER-2620, ER-2621]
- program of China Scholarships Council
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21777117, 21522704, 51478329]
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The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) that generates H-2 from the reduction of H2O by Fe-0 is among the most fundamental of the processes that control reactivity in environmental systems containing zerovalent iron (ZVI). To develop a comprehensive kinetic model for this process, a large and high-resolution data set for HER was measured using five types of ZVI pretreated by acid-washing and/or sulfidation (in pH 7 HEPES buffer). The data were fit to four alternative kinetic models using nonlinear regression analysis applied to the whole data set simultaneously, which allowed some model parameters to be treated globally across multiple experiments. The preferred model uses two independent reactive phases to match the two-stage character of most HER data, with rate constants (k's) for each phase fitted globally by iron type and phase quantities (S's) fitted as fully local (independent) parameters. The first, faster stage was attributed to a reactive mineral intermediate (RMI) phase like Fe(OH)(2), which may form in all experiments during preequilibration, but is rapidly consumed, leaving the second, slower stage of HER, which is due to reaction of Fe-0. In addition to providing a deterministic model to explain the kinetics of HER by ZVI over a wide range of conditions, the results provide an improved quantitative basis for comparing the effects of sulfidation on ZVI.
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