Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Volume 52, Issue 21, Pages 12841-12850Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04495
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Funding
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) [T42 OH008416]
- NIH [P30ES000002]
- NIH/NIEHS [2R25ES023635-04]
- Harvard Hoffman Program on Chemicals and Health
- [R01 ES016099]
- [R01 ES028800]
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH [T42OH008416] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES [R25ES023635, R01ES028800, P30ES000002, R01ES016099] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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In the 2000s, nail polish manufacturers started promoting 3-Free products, phasing out three widely publicized toxic chemicals: toluene, formaldehyde, and dibutyl phthalate (DnBP). However, DnBP was sometimes replaced by another endocrine-disrupting plasticizer, triphenyl phosphate (TPHP). Many new n-Free labels have since appeared, without any standardization on which n chemicals are excluded. This study aimed to compare measured plasticizer content against nail polish labels. First, we summarized definitions of labels. Then, we measured 12 phthalate and 10 organophosphate plasticizers in 40 nail polishes from 12 brands selected for popularity and label variety. We found labels ranging from 3- to 13-Free; 10-Free was the most inconsistently defined (six definitions). Our samples contained TPHP and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) at up to 7940 and 331 mu g/g, respectively. The 5- to 13-Free samples had lower TPHP levels than unlabeled or 3-Free samples (median <0.002 vs 3730 mu g/g, p < 0.001). The samples that did not contain TPHP had higher DEHP levels (median 68.5 vs 1.51 mu g/g, p < 0.05). We measured plasticizers above 100 mu g/g in five brands that did not disclose them and in two that excluded them in labels. This study highlights inconsistencies in nail polish labels and identifies TPHP and DEHP as ingredient substitutes for DnBP.
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