Journal
ECOLOGY LETTERS
Volume 22, Issue 1, Pages 67-77Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/ele.13168
Keywords
CO2 fertilization; drought avoidance; drought tolerance; functional composition; global change; plant competition; plant hydraulics; stomatal optimization; tropical forest
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Funding
- Princeton University Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Carbon Mitigation Initiative
- Princeton Environmental Institute
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Tropical forest responses are an important feedback on global change, but changes in forest composition with projected increases in CO2 and drought are highly uncertain. Here we determine shifts in the most competitive plant hydraulic strategy (the evolutionary stable strategy or ESS) from changes in CO2 and drought frequency and intensity. Hydraulic strategies were defined along a spectrum from drought avoidance to tolerance by physiology traits. Drought impacted competition more than CO2, with elevated CO2 reducing but not reversing drought-induced shifts in the ESS towards more tolerant strategies. Trait plasticity and/or adaptation intensified these shifts by increasing the competitive ability of the drought tolerant relative to the avoidant strategies. These findings predict losses of drought avoidant evergreens from tropical forests under global change, and point to the importance of changes in precipitation during the dry season and constraints on plasticity and adaptation in xylem traits to forest responses.
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