Journal
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ONCOLOGY HEMATOLOGY
Volume 133, Issue -, Pages 171-182Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.11.008
Keywords
Precision medicine; Next generation sequencing; Liquid biopsy; Predictive biomarkers; Tumor mutational burden; Driver mutations; Tumor heterogeneity
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The finalization of the Human Genome Project in 2003 paved the way for a deeper understanding of cancer, favouring a faster progression towards personalized medicine. Research in oncology has progressively focused on the sequencing of cancer genomes, to better understand the genetic basis of tumorigenesis and identify actionable alterations to guide cancer therapy. Thanks to the development of next-generation-sequencing (NGS) techniques, sequencing of tumoral DNA is today technically easier, faster and cheaper. Commercially available NGS panels enable the detection of single or global genomic alterations, namely gene mutation and mutagenic burden, both on germline and somatic DNA, potentially predicting the response or resistance to cancer treatments. Profiling of tumor DNA is nowadays a standard in cancer research and treatment. In this review we discuss the history, techniques and applications of NGS in cancer care, under a personalized tailored therapy perspective.
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