The Resource Burden of Infections With Rhinovirus/Enterovirus, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Children

We reviewed the resource utilization of patients with human rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/ENT), influenza A/B (FLU), or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). A total of 2013 patients with nasopharyngeal swabs positive for HRV/ENT, RSV, or FLU were included. Records were reviewed for respiratory support, vascular access procedures, emergency department care only versus admission versus pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) care, antibiotics, length of stay, and billing data. Of the 2013 subjects, 1251 tested positive for HRV/ENT, 558 for RSV, and 204 for FLU. Fewer HRV/ENT patients were discharged from the emergency department (P < .001); and they were more likely to be admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (P < .001). HRV/ENT and RSV patients were more likely to require invasive procedures (P = .01). Median hospital costs for HRV/ENT patients were more than twice that of FLU patients (P < .001). HRV/ENT infection in pediatric patients poses a significant resource and cost burden, even when compared with other organisms.