Biomarkers for Immunotherapy Toxicity: Are Cytokines the Answer?

Immune checkpoint inhibitors induce durable responses in some patients with advanced cancer but may simultaneously trigger autoinflammatory immune-related adverse events (irAE). The pathogenesis of irAEs may relate to genetic predis-position, environmental insults, or tumor-host interactions. Elevated expression of certain cytokines may signal subclinical inflammation that evolves into severe irAEs with treatment.