Journal
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
Volume 25, Issue 23, Pages 5824-5847Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805297
Keywords
aggregation; dyes; pigments; fluorescence; noncovalent interactions; proteins
Categories
Funding
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet
- Innovation and Technology Commission [ITC-CNERC14SC01]
- University Grants Committee of Hong Kong [AoE/P-02/12]
- Research Grants Council of Hong Kong [16301614, 16308016, C2014-15G, C6009-17G, 16305015, N_HKUST604/14, A-HKUST605/16]
- National Science Foundation of China [21788102]
- Swedish Research Council [2017-06344]
- Swedish Research Council [2017-06344] Funding Source: Swedish Research Council
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Protein is one of the four most important biomacromolecules in living systems. The detection, quantification, localization, and characterization of proteins is essential for an understanding of biological fundamentals, as well as for the diagnostics and treatment of protein-related diseases. By using intrinsic and extrinsic fluorescence, different techniques have been established to study proteins, many of which are now being routinely used in research laboratories and clinics. This review summarizes the applications of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorescence in protein science. In contrast to traditional fluorescent dyes, the activation of AIE dyes is mainly attributed to the restriction of intramolecular motions. This unique turn-on mechanism of AIE dyes allows researchers to develop novel fluorogenic strategies for sensitive, selective, and reliable analysis of proteins. This review focuses on introducing AIE strategies for 1) detection, localization, and quantification of proteins; 2) probing polymer conformational transitions of proteins; 3) characterization of protein-ligand interactions; and 4) evaluation of enzyme activities. Perspectives and challenges with respect to this emerging field of protein characterization are offered.
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