Journal
CEREBRAL CORTEX
Volume 29, Issue 3, Pages 1369-1381Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy330
Keywords
cortical development; lifespan; magnetic resonance imaging; micro-structure; myelin
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Funding
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo
- Norwegian Research Council
- European Research Council's Starting/Consolidator Grant schemes [283634, 725025, 313440]
- Medical Research Council [MR/K020706/1]
- MQ: Transforming Mental Health [MQF17_24]
- Gates Cambridge Trust
- Alan Turing Institute under the EPSRC [EP/N510129/1]
- Medical Research Council, UK [U105292687]
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre
- MRC [MC_U105292687, MR/K020706/1, MC_UU_00002/12] Funding Source: UKRI
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Seminal human brain histology work has demonstrated developmental waves of myelination. Here, using a micro-structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) marker linked to myelin, we studied fine-grained age differences to deduce waves of growth, stability, and decline of cortical myelination over the life-cycle. In 484 participants, aged 8-85 years, we fitted smooth growth curves to T1- to T2-weighted ratio in each of 360 regions from one of seven cytoarchitectonic classes. From the first derivatives of these generally inverted-U trajectories, we defined three milestones: the age at peak growth; the age at onset of a stable plateau; and the age at the onset of decline. Age at peak growth had a bimodal distribution comprising an early (pre-pubertal) wave of primary sensory and motor cortices and a later (post-pubertal) wave of association, insular and limbic cortices. Most regions reached stability in the 30-s but there was a second wave reaching stability in the 50-s. Age at onset of decline was also bimodal: in some right hemisphere regions, the curve declined from the 60-s, but in other left hemisphere regions, there was no significant decline from the stable plateau. These results are consistent with regionally heterogeneous waves of intracortical myelinogenesis and age-related demyelination.
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