Journal
CELL
Volume 176, Issue 1-2, Pages 56-+Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.11.030
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Funding
- EMBO long-term fellowship
- Gates Cambridge scholarship
- German Academic Exchange Program (DAAD)
- German National Academic Foundation scholarship
- Cambridge Wellcome Trust PhD Programme in Developmental Biology
- Cambridge Commonwealth, European and International Trust
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO Rubicon)
- BBSRC [BB/N006402/1]
- Wellcome Trust [085314/Z/08/Z, 203249/Z/16/Z, SIA 100329/Z/12/Z]
- European Research Council [322817]
- BBSRC [BB/N006402/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Local translation regulates the axonal proteome, playing an important role in neuronal wiring and axon maintenance. How axonal mRNAs are localized to specific subcellular sites for translation, however, is not understood. Here we report that RNA granules associate with endosomes along the axons of retinal ganglion cells. RNA-bearing Rab7a late endosomes also associate with ribosomes, and real-time translation imaging reveals that they are sites of local protein synthesis. We show that RNA-bearing late endosomes often pause on mitochondria and that mRNAs encoding proteins for mitochondrial function are translated on Rab7a endosomes. Disruption of Rab7a function with Rab7a mutants, including those associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2B neuropathy, markedly decreases axonal protein synthesis, impairs mitochondrial function, and compromises axonal viability. Our findings thus reveal that late endosomes interact with RNA granules, translation machinery, and mitochondria and suggest that they serve as sites for regulating the supply of nascent pro-survival proteins in axons.
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