Journal
CATALYSIS TODAY
Volume 328, Issue -, Pages 286-292Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.10.061
Keywords
Photocatalysis; Chemical synthesis; Aromatic alcohols; Zinc oxide; Carbon nanofibers
Funding
- Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM [POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006984]
- FEDER through COMPETE2020 - Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao (POCI) [POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031398]
- national funds through FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia
- project AIProcMat@ N2020 - Advanced Industrial Processes and Materials for a Sustainable Northern Region of Portugal 2020 [NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000006]
- Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
- Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Social Fund (ESF) [NORTE-08-5369-FSE-000028]
- FCT Investigator Programme [IF/00514/2014]
- European Social Fund
- Human Potential Operational Programme
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Zinc oxide (ZnO) prepared by chemical vapor deposition was combined with different amounts of carbon nanofibers (CNF) to obtain hybrid materials, which were thoroughly characterized using several techniques. The photocatalytic performance was evaluated towards the photocatalytic synthesis of vanillin (VAD) starting from vanillyl alcohol (VA). The incorporation of the carbon phase in ZnO (from 5% to 20% wt.) was found to increase the surface area and the photocatalytic performance of the materials. The latter was attributed to the efficient separation of charge carriers generated on the optical semiconductor. With the best performing material, the one containing 10% of CNF, the selectivity of the synthesis towards vanillin generation was increased by a factor of 2.5 compared to previous studies, with the additional advantage of carrying the reaction in aqueous medium. The same photocatalyst was successfully applied to the selective synthesis of other aromatic aldehydes, namely anisaldehyde, piperonal, and benzaldehyde. A relationship between the efficiency of the photocatalytic oxidation of the alcohols and the activating nature of their aromatic ring substituents was proposed.
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