Journal
BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
Volume 94, Issue 2, Pages 610-628Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/brv.12469
Keywords
endoplasmic reticulum (ER); ATP; ATP transporter; secretory pathway; protein quality control; ER stress; unfolded protein response (UPR); ERAD
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Funding
- Ph.D. program Molecular Medicine (MOLMED) of the Medical University of Graz
- Nikon Austria within the Nikon Center of Excellence, Graz
- FWF (Austrian Science Fund) [P28529-B27, I3716-B27]
- doctoral program Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease [DK-W1226]
- Austrian infrastructure program
- Nikon Austria Inc.
- BioTechMed, Graz
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P28529] Funding Source: Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a functionally and morphologically complex cellular organelle largely responsible for a variety of crucial functions, including protein folding, maturation and degradation. Furthermore, the ER plays an essential role in lipid biosynthesis, dynamic Ca2+ storage, and detoxification. Malfunctions in ER-related processes are responsible for the genesis and progression of many diseases, such as heart failure, cancer, neurodegeneration and metabolic disorders. To fulfill many of its vital functions, the ER relies on a sufficient energy supply in the form of adenosine-5 '-triphosphate (ATP), the main cellular energy source. Despite landmark discoveries and clarification of the functional principles of ER-resident proteins and key ER-related processes, the mechanism underlying ER ATP transport remains somewhat enigmatic. Here we summarize ER-related ATP-consuming processes and outline our knowledge about the nature and function of the ER energy supply.
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