Journal
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS
Volume 1862, Issue 3, Pages 240-252Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.12.003
Keywords
5-Methylcytosine; 5-Hydrozymethylcytosine; RNA methylation; Epitranscriptome; Post-transcriptional regulation; Translation
Categories
Funding
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Innovation (MINECO) [BES-2017080530]
- Ramon y Cajal contract [RYC-2016-19962]
- Ramon y Cajal fellowship [RYC-2014-16550]
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Innovation (MINECO)
- Agenda Estatal de Investigacion (AEI)
- European Development Regional Fund (FEDER) [SAF2016-78667-R]
- Programa de Apoyo a Planes Estrategicos de Investigacion de Estructuras de Investigation de Excelencia - Castilla-Leon autonomous government
- European Regional Development Fund [CLC-2017-01]
- Spanish Ministry if Economy and Innovation for the Ochoa Excellence Accreditation of CIC bioGUNE [SEV-2016-0644]
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The recent advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies coupled with RNA modifications detection methods has allowed the detection of RNA modifications at single nucleotide resolution giving a more comprehensive landscape of post-transcriptional gene regulation pathways. In this review, we focus on the occurrence of 5-methylcytosine (m(5)C) in the transcriptome. We summarise the main findings of the molecular role in post-transcriptional regulation that governs m(5)C deposition in RNAs. Functionally, m(5)C deposition can regulate several cellular and physiological processes including development, differentiation and survival to stress stimuli. Despite many aspects concerning m 5 C deposition in RNA, such as position or sequence context and the fact that many readers and erasers still remain elusive, the overall recent findings indicate that RNA cytosine methylation is a powerful mechanism to post-transcriptionally regulate physiological processes. In addition, mutations in RNA cytosine-5 methyltransferases are associated to pathological processes ranging from neurological syndromes to cancer.
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