Journal
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Volume 280, Issue -, Pages 109-117Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.11.017
Keywords
Mipomersen; Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia; Randomized controlled trial; Antisense oligonucleotide; apoB; Lipoproteins
Funding
- Ionis
- Genzyme
- Kastle Therapeutics
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Background and aims: Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) is a common genetic disorder characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increased cardiovascular disease risk. Despite multiple LDL-C-lowering therapies, many HeFH patients do not reach LDL-C targets. Mipomersen, an antisense oligonucleotide against apolipoprotein B (apoB), might further lower LDL-C in HeFH patients. We assessed the efficacy and safety of two mipomersen dosing regimens in HeFH patients and explored whether thrice-weekly dosing improves the benefit-risk profile. Methods: In this double-blind trial, HeFH patients (LDL-C>160 mg/dL) on maximal tolerated LDL-lowering therapy were randomized to mipomersen 200 mg once weekly (n= 104), mipomersen 70 mg thrice weekly (n= 102), or placebo in matching frequency (n= 103) for 60 weeks. Main outcomes were LDL-C, apoB, and lipoprotein(a) levels after 60 weeks of treatment. Results: Mipomersen 200 mg once weekly and mipomersen 70 mg thrice weekly significantly lowered LDL-C compared with placebo by 21.0% and 18.8%, respectively, and apoB by 22.1% and 21.7% (all p < 0.001). Lipoprotein(a) was significantly lowered by 27.7% (p < 0.001) with thrice-weekly dosing. Injection-site reactions and flu-like symptoms led to discontinuation in 21.2% (200 mg), 17.6% (70 mg), and 5.8% (placebo) of participants. Alanine transaminase was elevated (>= 3x upper limit of normal at least once) in 21.2%, 21.6%, and 1.0% of subjects, respectively. Conclusions: Mipomersen 200 mg once weekly and 70 mg thrice weekly are effective in lowering apoB-containing lipoproteins in HeFH patients. This is counterbalanced by limited tolerability and increased hepatic transaminase levels in about 21% of patients. The thrice-weekly dosing regimen was associated with lower frequency of flu-like symptoms, which might help avert discontinuation in some patients, but otherwise had no major benefits.
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