Journal
AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
Volume 205, Issue -, Pages 204-212Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.10.018
Keywords
Multiwalled carbon nanotube; Fluoxetine; Accumulation; Metabolite; Metabolic function; Oxidative stress
Categories
Funding
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2018B43614, 2018B15114]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51509071, 51609066, 51769034]
- National Science Funds for Creative Research Groups of China [51421006]
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [BK20150801]
- PAPD
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Studies on the-bioavailability of organic contaminants adsorbed to nanomaterials are increasing. In this study, we investigated the interaction between fluoxetine (FLX) and three multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with different functional groups in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, focusing on the FLX accumulation, the formation of the metabolite norfluoxetine (NFLX), and the active defence system responses. The accumulation of FLX in zebrafish was intensified by MWCNTs (46-99%), which simultaneously facilitated the formation of the metabolite NFLX by 23-167%. The consistent enhancement revealed that the absorbed FLX is bioavailable in zebrafish. Moreover, the coexisting MWCNTs further promoted the influences of FLX on the active defence system in zebrafish (e.g. antioxidant and metabolic function), eliciting the defence function. The influences of MWCNTs on the bioavailability of FLX in zebrafish could be ordered as OH-MWCNTs > COOH-MWCNTs > pristine MWCNTs. The release of FIX from MWCNTs in biofluids may partially contribute to these significant alterations. In particular, MWCNTs themselves may also modulate the bioavailability of FLX in zebrafish by downregulating the gene expression of membrane ATP-binding cassette transporter (abcb4). These findings demonstrated that MWCNTs increased the bioavailability of FLX in zebrafish, especially the functionalized MWCNTs. The production of metabolites may be a useful bin-endpoint to evaluate the bioavailability of adsorbed contaminants on nanomaterials.
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