Journal
ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
Volume 74, Issue 1, Pages 69-79Publisher
KARGER
DOI: 10.1159/000495793
Keywords
Mediterranean diet; Extra-virgin olive oil; Pregnancy outcomes
Categories
Funding
- Fundacion para Estudios Endocrinometabolicos
- IdISSC Hospital Clinico San Carlos (Madrid)
- Universidad Complutense of Madrid
- Medicine Department
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) of Spain [PI14/01563]
- Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER
- Sociedad de Endocrinologia Nutricion y Diabetes de la Comunidad de Madrid [IPI/2017/NR2]
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Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), enhanced with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and nuts, on a composite of adverse maternofoetal outcomes of women with normoglycemia during pregnancy. Methods: This was a sub-analysis of the St Carlos gestational diabetes mellitus Prevention Study. Only normoglycemic women were analysed (697). They were randomized (at 8-12th gestational weeks) to: standard-care control group (337), where fat consumption was limited to 30% of total caloric intake; or intervention group (360), where a MedDiet, enhanced with EVOO and pistachios (40-42% fats of total caloric intake) was recommended. The primary outcome was a composite of maternofoetal outcomes (CMFOs): at least having 1 event of emergency C-section, perineal trauma, pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia, prematurity, large-for-gestational-age and small-for gestational-age. Results: Crude relative risk showed that the intervention was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of CMFOs (0.48 [0.37-0.63]; p = 0.0001), with a number-needed-to-treat = 5. Risk of urinary tract infections, emergency C-sections, perineal trauma, large-for-gestational-age and small-for gestational age new-borns were also significantly reduced. Conclusion: A MedDiet, enhanced with EVOO and nuts, was associated with a risk reduction of CMFOs in over 50% in normoglycemic pregnant women. Therefore, it might be a potentially adequate diet for pregnant women. (C) 2018 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel
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