Journal
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 91, Issue 1, Pages 808-816Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02534
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Funding
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) [13/SIRG/2144]
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) [13/SIRG/2144] Funding Source: Science Foundation Ireland (SFI)
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Novel fluorescent diazaoxatriangulenium (DAOTA) pH indicators for lifetime-based self-referenced pH sensing are reported. The DAOTA dyes were decorated with phenolic-receptor groups inducing fluorescence quenching via a photoinduced-electron-transfer mechanism. Electron-withdrawing chlorine substituents ensure response in the most relevant pH range (apparent pK(a)' values of similar to 5 and 7.5 for the p,p-dichlorophenol- and p-chlorophenol-substituted dyes, respectively). The dyes feature long fluorescence lifetimes (17-20 ns), high quantum yields (similar to 60%), and high photostabilities. Planar optodes are prepared upon immobilization of the dyes into polyurethane hydrogel D4. Apart from the response in the fluorescence intensity, the optodes show pH-dependent lifetime behavior, which makes them suitable for studying 2D pH distributions with the help of fluorescence-lifetime-imaging techniques. The lifetime response is particularly pronounced for the sensors with high dye concentrations (0.5-1 wt % with respect to the polymer) and is attributed to the efficient homo-FRET mechanism.
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