Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 315, Issue 6, Pages R1210-R1219Publisher
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00240.2018
Keywords
cytokines; exercise; glucose; ketogenic diet
Categories
Funding
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research New Investigator Salary Award [MSH-141980]
- Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research Scholar Award [16890]
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [RGPIN 435807-13]
- Medtronic [NERP15-016]
- Sao Paulo Research Foundation [2016/23251-7]
- National Institutes of Health [HL-131458, HL-135598]
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [16/23251-7] Funding Source: FAPESP
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Lowering carbohydrate consumption effectively lowers glucose, but impacts on inflammation are unclear. The objectives of this study were to: 1) determine whether reducing hyperglycemia by following a low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LC) diet could lower markers of innate immune cell activation in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 2) examine if the combination of an LC diet with strategically timed postmeal walking was superior to an LC diet alone. Participants with T2D (n = 11) completed a randomized crossover study involving three 4-day diet interventions: 1) low-fat low-glycemic index (GL), 2) and 3) LC with 15-min postmeal walks (LC+Ex). Four-day mean glucose was significantly lower in the LC +Ex group as compared with LC (-5%. P < 0.05), whereas both LC +Ex (-16%. P < 0.001) and LC (-12%, P < 0.001) conditions were lower than GI.. A significant main effect of time was observed for peripheral blood mononuclear cells phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (P < 0.001), with decreases in all three conditions (GL: -32%, LC: -45%, and LC+Ex: -44%). A significant condition by time interaction was observed for monocyte microparticles (P = 0.040) with a significant decrease in GL (-76%, P = 0.035) and a tendency for a reduction in LC (-70%, P = 0.064), whereas there was no significant change in LC+Ex (0.5%, P = 0.990). Both LC (-27%, P = 0.001) and LC+Ex (-35%, P = 0.005) also led to significant reductions in circulating proinsulin. An LC diet improved 4-day glycemic control and fasting proinsulin levels when compared with GL, with added glucose-lowering benefits when LC was combined with postmeal walking.
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