Journal
ALLERGY
Volume 74, Issue 6, Pages 1037-1051Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/all.13718
Keywords
allergy; cancer; hygiene hypothesis; microbiota; oncoimmunology
Categories
Funding
- NIHR National Institute for Health Research [IS-BRC-1215-20006]
- European Academy of Allergy ande Clinical immunology
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health [R01 CA181115, R01CA196266, R01CA196266-01A1:S1, R03CA173842]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [HA 2393/6-1]
- Aimwell Charitable Trust and Emailie Gutterman Memorial Endowed Fund
- Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya [SLT002/16/00232]
- IGEM Therapeutics Ltd
- Austrian Science Fund [F4606-B28, KLI284, P23398-B11]
- Cancer Research UK [C30122/A11527, C30122/A15774]
- Medical Research Council [MR/L023091/1]
- Israel Science Foundation [213/05]
- Israel Cancer Association [20161131]
- American Society of Hematology
- Breast Cancer Now [C10355/A15587]
- Israel Ministry of Science, Technology and Space Personalized Medicine
- Academy of Medical Sciences
- Stop Cancer-USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
- MRC [G0200486, MR/L023091/1, G1100090, G0501494] Funding Source: UKRI
- National Institutes of Health Research (NIHR) [IS-BRC-1215-20006] Funding Source: National Institutes of Health Research (NIHR)
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [KLI284] Funding Source: Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
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The microbiota can play important roles in the development of human immunity and the establishment of immune homeostasis. Lifestyle factors including diet, hygiene, and exposure to viruses or bacteria, and medical interventions with antibiotics or anti-ulcer medications, regulate phylogenetic variability and the quality of cross talk between innate and adaptive immune cells via mucosal and skin epithelia. More recently, microbiota and their composition have been linked to protective effects for health. Imbalance, however, has been linked to immune-related diseases such as allergy and cancer, characterized by impaired, or exaggerated immune tolerance, respectively. In this AllergoOncology position paper, we focus on the increasing evidence defining the microbiota composition as a key determinant of immunity and immune tolerance, linked to the risk for the development of allergic and malignant diseases. We discuss novel insights into the role of microbiota in disease and patient responses to treatments in cancer and in allergy. These may highlight opportunities to improve patient outcomes with medical interventions supported through a restored microbiome.
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