4.4 Article

Preparation, characterization, and performance of 4A zeolite based on opal waste rock for removal of ammonium ion

Journal

ADSORPTION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Volume 36, Issue 9-10, Pages 1700-1715

Publisher

SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/0263617418803012

Keywords

Opal waste rock; hydrothermal synthesis; 4A zeolite; palygorskite; ammonium ion removal

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In this study, 4A zeolite was prepared from opal waste rock by hydrothermal method and applied in ammonium ion adsorption. To optimize synthesis conditions, the effect of crystallization time (1-8 h), crystallization temperature (65-115 degrees C), Na2O/SiO2 (0.6-2.0), H2O/Na2O (20-70), and SiO2/Al2O3 (1.0-3.5) was investigated. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope imaging, cation exchange capacity, static water adsorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and N-2 adsorption-desorption isotherm were used for assessing properties of 4A zeolite. Adsorption experiments were performed by 1.0 g l(-1) 4A zeolite with NH4+ solution (5-300 mg l(-1)) for 4 h at room temperature. The experiment results revealed with a crystallization time of 3 h, a crystallization temperature of 85 degrees C, Na2O/SiO2=1.0, H2O/Na2O = 40, and SiO2/Al2O3=2.0, the 4A zeolite synthesized had excellent performance with cation exchange capacity of 2.93 mmol (g dry zeolite)(-1) and static water adsorption of 22.3%. The adsorption process was described by Freundlich model (R-2>0.99) and the maximum adsorption capacity could reach to 53.11 mg g(-1). The experimental results provided a novel approach for the utilization of opal waste rock, which is produced during the mining of opal-rich palygorskite, and for the synthesis of 4A zeolite and the removal of ammonium ion.

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