Journal
ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA
Volume 138, Issue 6, Pages 547-557Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/acps.12973
Keywords
post-traumatic stress disorder; complex PTSD; Syrian conflict; Lebanon; refugees; International Trauma Questionnaire
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Funding
- Trinity College Dublin
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Objective Method Support for ICD-11 post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) is growing; however, few studies include refugees or examine the clinical utility of PTSD/CPTSD classifications. This study sought to provide the first evaluations of (i) the factor structure of ICD-11 PTSD/CPTSD amongst refugees in the Middle East; and (ii) the clinical utility of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) to identify PTSD/CPTSD in a humanitarian context. Participants were 112 treatment-seeking Syrian refugees living in Lebanon. Factorial validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) based on responses to the ITQ. Clinical utility of the ITQ was assessed through semi-structured interviews with six Lebanese psychotherapists. Results Conclusion Complex PTSD (36.1%) was more common than PTSD (25.2%), and no sex or age differences were observed at the prevalence or symptomatic levels. CFA results supported a two-factor higher-order model consistent with ICD-11 PTSD/CPTSD. Qualitative findings indicated that the ITQ is generally positively regarded, with some limitations and suggested modifications noted. This is the first study to support the ICD-11 PTSD/CPTSD amongst refugees in the Middle East and the clinical utility of the ITQ in a humanitarian context. Findings support the growing evidence for the cross-cultural applicability of ICD-11 PTSD/CPTSD.
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