Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 11, Issue 3, Pages 2970-2977Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17473
Keywords
hard carbon; carbon sphere; nanosheets; nitrogen-doping sodium-ion battery
Funding
- Fundamental Research (Discipline Arrangement) Project from Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee [JCYJ20170412154554048]
- Peacock Team Project from Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee [KQTD2015033110182370]
- National Key Research and Development Project from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2016YFA0202400, 2016YFA0202404]
- Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee [GRCK20170424105659581]
- University of Macau
- Science and Technology Development Fund from Macau SAR [FDCT-132/2014/A3]
- Research & Development Office at University of Macau [MYRG2017-00027-FST, MYRG2018-00003-IAPME]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21671096, 21603094]
- Pico Center at SUSTech
- Development and Reform Commission of Shenzhen Municipality
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Hard carbon exhibits high theoretical capacity for sodium-ion batteries. However, its practical application suffers from low electric conductivity, poor electrochemical stability, and sluggish kinetics. To tackle these challenges, novel nitrogen-doped carbon spheres with mesopores, ultra-high reversible sodium storage capacity of 334.7 mA h/g at 50 mA/g and an ultrahigh rate performance of 93.9 mA h/g at 5 A/g, which is better than most state-of-the-art carbon materials. The improved energy storage capacity is attributed to its unique architecture and optimal nitrogen doping, which provide abundant active sites, defects, and voids. Moreover, kinetic analysis and in situ Raman spectroscopy results reveal adsorption and adsorption intercalation mechanisms for Na+ storage in hard carbon at the slope region above 0.3 V and the other slope region of 0.3-0.02 V, respectively. We believe that our findings provide a novel tactic to design elaborate nanomaterials for the high-performance sodium-ion battery.
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