Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 10, Issue 51, Pages 44494-44500Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16519
Keywords
Li4Ti5O12; LTO; epitaxial; polycrystalline; thin film; anode; battery; pulsed laser deposition
Funding
- InnoSuisse [1155-002545]
- Thomas Lord Foundation at MIT
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Using an epitaxial thin-film model system deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), we study the Li-ion conductivity in Li4Ti5O12, a common anode material for Li-ion batteries. Epitaxy, phase purity, and film composition across the film thickness are verified employing out-of-plane and in-plane X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and elastic recoil detection analysis. We find that epitaxial Li4Ti5O12 behaves like an ideal ionic conductor that is well described by a parallel RC equivalent circuit, with an ionic conductivity of 2.5 x 10(-5) S/cm at 230 degrees C and an activation energy of 0.79 eV in the measured temperature range of 205 to 350 degrees C. Differently, in a co-deposited polycrystalline Li4Ti5O12 thin film with an average in-plane grain size of <10 nm, a more complex behavior with contributions from two distinct processes is observed. Ultimately, epitaxial Li4Ti5O12 thin films can be grown by PLD and reveal suitable transport properties for further implementation as zero-strain and grain boundary free anodes in future solid-state microbattery designs.
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