Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 11, Issue 3, Pages 2950-2960Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17123
Keywords
lithium-ion batteries; silicon; anode; volume expansion; thickness; ionic liquid; phosphorus doping
Funding
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI [JP17K17888, JP17H03128, JP16K05954]
- MEXT Program for Development of Environmental Technology using Nanotechnology
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Elemental Si has a high theoretical capacity and has attracted attention as an anode material for high energy density lithium ion batteries. Rapid capacity fading is the main problem with Si-based electrodes; this is mainly because of a massive volume change in Si during lithiation-delithiation. Here, we report that combining an ionic-liquid electrolyte with a charge capacity limit of 1000 mA h g(-1) significantly suppresses Si volume expansion, improving the cycle life. Phosphorus doping of Si also enhances the suppression and increases the Li+ diffusion coefficient. In contrast, the Si layer expands significantly in an organic electrolyte even with the charge capacity limit and even in an ionic-liquid electrolyte without the limit. We demonstrated that the homogeneously distributed Si lithiation-delithiation, phase-transition control from the Si to Li-rich Li-Si alloy phases, formation of a surface film with structural and/or mechanical stability, and faster Li+ diffusion contribute to suppressing Si volume expansion.
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