4.8 Article

Nanoparticle-Mediated Acoustic Cavitation Enables High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation Without Tissue Heating

Journal

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 10, Issue 43, Pages 36786-36795

Publisher

AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15368

Keywords

high intensity focused ultrasound; tumor ablation; cavitation; mesoporous silica nanoparticles; cancer therapy

Funding

  1. NIH [DP2EB020401, R03EB021432]

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While thermal ablation of various solid tumors has been demonstrated using high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), the therapeutic outcomes of this technique are still unsatisfactory because of common recurrence of thermally ablated cancers and treatment side effects due to the high ultrasound intensity and acoustic pressure requirements. More precise ablation of tumors can be achieved by generating cavitating bubbles in the tissue using shorter pulses with higher acoustic pressures, which induce mechanical damage rather than thermal. However, it has remained as a challenge to safely deliver the acoustic pressures required for mechanical ablation of solid tumors. Here, we report a method to achieve mechanical ablation at lower acoustic pressures by utilizing phospholipid-stabilized hydrophobic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (PL-hMSN). The PL-hMSNs act as seeds for nucleation of cavitation events and thus significantly reduce the peak negative pressures and spatial-average temporal-average HIFU intensities needed to achieve mechanical ablation. Substantial mechanical damage was observed in the red blood cell or tumor spheroid containing tissue mimicking phantoms at PL-hMSN concentrations as low as 10 mu g mL(-1), after only 5 s of HIFU treatment with peak negative pressures similar to 11 MPa and duty cycles similar to 0.01%. Even the application of HIFU (peak negative pressure of 16.8 MPa and duty cycle of 0.017%) for 1 min in the presence of PL-hMSN (200 mu g mL(-1)) did not cause any detectable temperature increase in tissue-mimicking phantoms. In addition, the mechanical effects of cavitation promoted by PL-hMSNs were observed up to 0.5 mm from the center of the cavitation events. This method may thus also improve delivery of therapeutics or nanoparticles to tumor environments with limited macromolecular transport.

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