Bridging the digital divide gap in BIM technology adoption

Purpose In the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry, a digital divide exists in technology adoption because SMEs (who often form the bulk of AEC organisations in most countries) are thought to be Late Majority and Laggards in the adoption of Building information modelling (BIM) technology. Larger organisations not saddled with financial and socio-technical constraints might be considered as being among the Early Majority or Innovators. It is crucial to understand how these organisations differ in their speed of BIM technology adoption and the rationale for this difference. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential causes of the digital divide and suggest solutions for bridging the gap. Design/methodology/approach Using mixed research method, data were collected through online questionnaire survey of over 240 global respondents as well as a semi-structured interview with nine experts for which statistical and thematic analyses were used, respectively. Findings Organisations can be zoned into layers and levels of BIM technology adoption and their size is not always significant in terms of the speed at which they adopt BIM. The digital divide is unequal across layers/levels and large organisations utilise technologies across the BIM maturity levels depending on project circumstances. A conceptual model for BIM technology was developed to aid identification of the Laggards and Late Majority from the Innovators through which change agents can customise adoption strategies for each group. Originality/value The developed model could serve as a tool for engagement and policy making and it contributes to the body of knowledge in the field of BIM technology adoption.