The greening of urban post-industrial landscapes: past practices and emerging trends

Public, private, and non-profit entities are increasingly engaged in greening postindustrial landscapes in an effort to achieve a broad array of aesthetic, infrastructure, recreational, ecological, and economic development objectives at various scales. Despite this growing level of interest, however, these projects continue to face numerous challenges related to financing, land acquisition, soil contamination, and concern regarding long-term maintenance, just to name a few. This paper begins with an overview of the nature of greening activity that has taken place in the USA and Canada and then focuses on three case studies-Elmhurst Park New York City, South Waterfront Portland, and Menomonee Valley Milwaukee-in order to illustrate the planning processes involved in their remediation and development. Key lessons are then drawn, with a particular emphasis on the growing need to attract buy-in and funding by linking greening with other forms of development and broader urban sustainability initiatives.