Journal
ELECTRONICS
Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages 1-34Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/electronics2010001
Keywords
implantable electronic device; bioresorbable electronics; radio-frequency (RF); wireless powering; encapsulation
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Funding
- JCU
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Ageing population and a multitude of neurological and cardiovascular illnesses that cannot be mitigated by medication alone have resulted in a significant growth in the number of patients that require implantable electronic devices. These range from sensors, gastric and cardiac pacemakers, cardioverter defibrillators, to deep brain, nerve, and bone stimulators. Long-term implants present specific engineering challenges, including low energy consumption and stable performance. Resorbable electronics may offer excellent short-term performance without the need for surgical removal. However, most electronic materials have poor bio- and cytocompatibility, resulting in immune reactions and infections. This paper reviews the current situation and highlights challenges for future advancements.
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