Using RFID to improve traceability in process industry Experiments in a distribution chain for iron ore pellets

Purpose - The purpose of the paper is to explore the application of radio frequency identification (RFID) to improve traceability in a flow of granular products and to illustrate examples of special issues that need to be considered when using the RFID technique in a process industry setting. Design/methodology/approach - The paper outlines a case study at a Swedish mining company, including experiments to test the suitability of RFID to trace iron ore pellets (a granular product) in parts of the distribution chain. Findings - The results show that the RFID technique can be used to improve traceability in granular product flows. A number of special issues concerning the use of RFID in process industries are also highlighted, for example, the problems to control the orientation of the transponder in the read area and the risk of product contamination in the supply chain. Research limitations/implications - Even though only a single case has been studied, the results are of a general interest for industries that have granular product flows. However, future research in other industries should be performed to validate the results. Practical implications - The application of RFID described in this paper makes it possible to increase productivity and product quality by improving traceability in product flows where traceability normally is problematic. Originality/value - Prior research has mainly focused on RFID applications in discontinuous processes. By contrast, this paper presents a novel application of the RFID technique in a continuous process together with specific issues connected to the use of RFID.