Journal
ADIPOCYTE
Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 13-24Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.4161/adip.18951
Keywords
brown adipose tissue; thermogenesis; UCP1; mitochondria; BATokine; browning; adipogenesis
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Funding
- NIH [5R01 DK077097, T32 DK007260-33, F32 DK091996]
- Joslin Diabetes Center's Diabetes Research Center from the NIDDK [P30 DK036836]
- Eli Lilly Research Foundation
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute
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Obesity is currently a global pandemic and is associated with increased mortality and co-morbidities including many metabolic diseases. Obesity is characterized by an increase in adipose mass due to increased energy intake, decreased energy expenditure, or both. While white adipose tissue is specialized for energy storage, brown adipose tissue has a high concentration of mitochondria and uniquely expresses uncoupling protein 1, enabling it to be specialized for energy expenditure and thermogenesis. Although brown fat was once considered only necessary in babies, recent morphological and imaging studies have provided evidence that, contrary to prior belief, this tissue is present and active in adult humans. In recent years, the topic of brown adipose tissue has been reinvigorated with many new studies regarding brown adipose tissue differentiation, function and therapeutic promise. This review summarizes the recent advances, discusses the emerging questions and offers perspective on the potential therapeutic applications targeting this tissue.
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