Journal
JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY
Volume 2013, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
HINDAWI LTD
DOI: 10.1155/2013/183602
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Funding
- Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC)
- Investigator Grant and Special Program Molecular Clinical Oncology 5 per thousand, Milan [9965]
- European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme (EU/FP7) [278706]
- Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy
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Tumor microenvironment is essential for multiple myeloma (MM) growth, progression, and drug resistance through provision of survival signals and secretion of growth and proangiogenic factors. This paper examines the importance of macrophages within MM bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, referred to as MM-associated macrophages, as a potential niche component that supports tumor plasma cells. These macrophages are derived from peripheral blood monocytes recruited into the tumor. Upon activation by MM plasma cells and mesenchymal stromal cells, macrophages can release growth factors, proteolytic enzymes, cytokines, and inflammatory mediators that promote plasma cell growth and survival. Macrophages promote tumor progression through several mechanisms including angiogenesis, growth, and drug resistance. Indeed, these macrophages are essential for the induction of an angiogenic response through vasculogenic mimicry, and this ability proceeds in step with progression of the plasma cell tumors. Data suggest that macrophages play an important role in the biology and survival of patients with MM, and they may be a target for the MM antivascular management.
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