Journal
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
Volume 3, Issue 1, Pages 39-87Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/jcm3010039
Keywords
stem cell; blood vessel; endothelial cell; smooth muscle cell; biomaterial; biopolymer; collagen; scaffold; surface modification; cross-linking
Categories
Funding
- Bundesministerium for Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)-FHprofUnt [03FH012PB2]
- Nordrhein-Westfalen Fachhochschule-Extra [z1112fh012]
- Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst Programme des Projektbezogenen Personenaustauschs Vigoni [54669218]
- Bundesministerium for Bildung und Forschung-Arbeitsgemeinschaft Industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen [1720X06]
- Fachhochschulen NRW Gerateprogramm to Edda Tobiasch and Bundesministerium for Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)-FHIngNW [17N0207]
- FHprofUnt [03FH012PB2]
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This review is divided into two interconnected parts, namely a biological and a chemical one. The focus of the first part is on the biological background for constructing tissue-engineered vascular grafts to promote vascular healing. Various cell types, such as embryonic, mesenchymal and induced pluripotent stem cells, progenitor cells and endothelial-and smooth muscle cells will be discussed with respect to their specific markers. The in vitro and in vivo models and their potential to treat vascular diseases are also introduced. The chemical part focuses on strategies using either artificial or natural polymers for scaffold fabrication, including decellularized cardiovascular tissue. An overview will be given on scaffold fabrication including conventional methods and nanotechnologies. Special attention is given to 3D network formation via different chemical and physical cross-linking methods. In particular, electron beam treatment is introduced as a method to combine 3D network formation and surface modification. The review includes recently published scientific data and patents which have been registered within the last decade.
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