Journal
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
Volume 119, Issue 7, Pages 4593-4604Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1002/2013JC009594
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Funding
- Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD) [A/02/21403]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Leibniz Award [Du 129/33]
- NSF [OCE-9818670]
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The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), which represents the global ocean circulation connecting the Pacific Warm Pool to the Indian Ocean, strongly influences the Indo-Pacific climate. ITF monitoring since the late 1990s using mooring buoys have provided insights on seasonal and interannual time scales. However, the absence of longer records limits our perspective on its evolution over the past century. Here, we present sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS) proxy records from Timor Island located at the ITF exit passage via paired coral delta O-18 and Sr/Ca measurements spanning the period 1914-2004. These high-resolution proxy based climate data of the last century highlights improvements and cautions when interpreting paleoclimate records of the Indonesian region. If the seasonality of SST and SSS is not perfectly in phase, the application of coral Sr/Ca thermometry improves SST reconstructions compared to estimates based on coral delta O-18 only. Our records also underline the importance of ocean advection besides rainfall on local SSS in the region. Although the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) causes larger anomalies relative to the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), Timor coral-based SST and SSS records robustly correlate with IOD on interannual time scales, whereas ENSO only modifies Timor SST. Similarly, Timor SST and SSS are strongly linked to Indian Ocean decadal-scale variations that appear to lead Timor oceanographic conditions by about 1.6-2 years. Our study sheds new light on the complex signatures of Indo-Pacific climate modes on SST and SSS dynamics of the ITF.
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