PSO based placement of multiple wind DGs and capacitors utilizing probabilistic load flow model

Wind Power Distributed Generators (WPDGs) are being increasingly placed in the power system due to their several technical and environmental benefits. In this paper, a Modified Particle Swarm Optimizer (MPSO) based method is proposed for placement of multiple WPDGs and capacitors. Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) based probabilistic load flow, considering uncertainty in load demand and wind generation, is developed. It is used to modify the WPDGs' and capacitors' sizes utilizing a sensitivity based approach, which maintains branch currents and bus voltages within their prescribed limits. The proposed method is simple, accurate and generic, and it can provide multiple choices to the utilities to place capacitors and WPDGs under various system constraints. Results on three distribution networks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The impact of the DG placement on the system voltage profile, line loss, environment, and cost of generation has also been investigated on three distribution systems. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.