Atom transfer radical polymerization in aqueous dispersed media

During the last decade, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) received significant attention due to its exceptional capability of synthesizing polymers with pre-determined molecular weight, well-defined molecular architectures and various functionalities. It is economically and environmentally attractive to adopt ATRP to aqueous dispersed media, although the process is challenging. This review summarizes recent developments of conducting ATRP in aqueous dispersed media. The issues related to retaining controlled/living character as well as colloidal stability during the polymerization have to be considered. Better understanding the ATRP mechanism and development of new initiation techniques, such as activators generated by electron transfer (AGET) significantly facilitated ATRP in aqueous systems. This review covers the most important progress of ATRP in dispersed media from 1998 to 2009, including miniemulsion, microemulsion, emulsion, suspension and dispersed polymerization.