Journal
ONCOIMMUNOLOGY
Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
LANDES BIOSCIENCE
DOI: 10.4161/onci.23493
Keywords
cancer vaccine; chemokine; hepatocellular carcinoma; immunotherapy; Toll-like receptor; tumor microenvironment
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In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, the intratumoral expression of Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3) correlates with prolonged survival. We demonstrated that TLR3 ligands can operate through three independent mechanisms: by directly killing TLR3-expressing cancer cells, by inducing T- and natural killer (NK)-cell infiltration and by activating TLR3-expressing NK cells.
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