RhoGDI2 suppresses bladder cancer metastasis via reduction of inflammation in the tumor microenvironment

Low expression of RhoGDI2 is associated with poor outcome in cancer patients. In animal models, RhoGDI2 suppresses lung metastasis by reducing the expression of the proteoglycan versican, whose levels portend poor patient prognosis. Versican promotes metastasis through enhanced tumor migration and creation of an inflammatory lung environment involving macrophages and the CCL2/CCR2 signaling axis. Targeting this mechanism may provide novel adjuvant strategies for delaying the appearance of clinical metastasis.